Effect of Influenza Vaccination of Children on Infection Rate in Hutterite Communities: Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Trial.
Identifieur interne : 000172 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000171; suivant : 000173Effect of Influenza Vaccination of Children on Infection Rate in Hutterite Communities: Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Trial.
Auteurs : Biao Wang [Canada] ; Margaret L. Russell [Canada] ; Lorraine Moss [Canada] ; Kevin Fonseca [Canada] ; David J D. Earn [Canada] ; Fred Aoki [Canada] ; Gregory Horsman [Canada] ; Paul Van Caeseele [Canada] ; Khami Chokani [Canada] ; Mark Vooght [Canada] ; Lorne Babiuk [Canada] ; Richard Webby [États-Unis] ; Stephen D. Walter [Canada] ; Mark Loeb [Canada]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Canada (MeSH), Enfant (MeSH), Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Grippe humaine (prévention et contrôle), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Humains (MeSH), Incidence (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Vaccins antigrippaux (MeSH), Épidémies de maladies (MeSH), Études de suivi (MeSH).
- MESH :
- prévention et contrôle : Grippe humaine.
- épidémiologie : Grippe humaine.
- Adolescent, Canada, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Humains, Incidence, Mâle, Résultat thérapeutique, Vaccins antigrippaux, Épidémies de maladies, Études de suivi.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Canada (MeSH), Child (MeSH), Child, Preschool (MeSH), Disease Outbreaks (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Follow-Up Studies (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Incidence (MeSH), Influenza Vaccines (MeSH), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (prevention & control), Male (MeSH), Treatment Outcome (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical : Influenza Vaccines.
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human.
- prevention & control : Influenza, Human.
- Adolescent, Canada, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Male, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
An earlier cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Hutterite colonies had shown that if more than 80% of children and adolescents were immunized with influenza vaccine there was a statistically significant reduction in laboratory-confirmed influenza among all unimmunized community members. We assessed the impact of this intervention for two additional influenza seasonal periods.
METHODS
Follow-up data for two influenza seasonal periods of a cluster randomized trial involving 1053 Canadian children and adolescents aged 36 months to 15 years in Season 2 and 1014 in Season 3 who received the study vaccine, and 2805 community members in Season 2 and 2840 in Season 3 who did not receive the study vaccine. Follow-up for Season 2 began November 18, 2009 and ended April 25, 2010 while Season 3 extended from December 6, 2010 and ended May 27, 2011. Children were randomly assigned in a blinded manner according to community membership to receive either inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine or hepatitis A. The primary outcome was confirmed influenza A and B infection using RT-PCR assay. Due to the outbreak of 2009 H1N1 pandemic, data in Season 2 were excluded for analysis.
RESULTS
For an analysis of the combined Season 1 and Season 3 data, among non-recipients (i.e., participants who did not receive study vaccines), 66 of the 2794 (2.4%) participants in the influenza vaccine colonies and 121 of the 2301 (5.3%) participants in the hepatitis A colonies had influenza confirmed by RT-PCR, for a protective effectiveness of 60% (95% CI, 6% to 83%; P = 0.04); among all study participants (i.e., including both those who received study vaccine and those who did not), 125 of the 3806 (3.3%) in the influenza vaccine colonies and 239 of the 3243 (7.4%) in the hepatitis A colonies had influenza confirmed by RT-PCR, for a protective effectiveness of 63% (95% CI, 5% to 85%; P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Immunizing children and adolescents with inactivated influenza vaccine can offer a protective effect among unimmunized community members for influenza A and B together when considered over multiple years of seasonal influenza.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00877396.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167281
PubMed: 27977707
PubMed Central: PMC5157992
Affiliations:
- Canada, États-Unis
- Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Tennessee
- Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton (Ontario), Winnipeg
- Université McMaster, Université de Calgary, Université du Manitoba
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Effect of Influenza Vaccination of Children on Infection Rate in Hutterite Communities: Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Trial.</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Moss, Lorraine" sort="Moss, Lorraine" uniqKey="Moss L" first="Lorraine" last="Moss">Lorraine Moss</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fonseca, Kevin" sort="Fonseca, Kevin" uniqKey="Fonseca K" first="Kevin" last="Fonseca">Kevin Fonseca</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Earn, David J D" sort="Earn, David J D" uniqKey="Earn D" first="David J D" last="Earn">David J D. Earn</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Michael G. De- Groote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Aoki, Fred" sort="Aoki, Fred" uniqKey="Aoki F" first="Fred" last="Aoki">Fred Aoki</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Horsman, Gregory" sort="Horsman, Gregory" uniqKey="Horsman G" first="Gregory" last="Horsman">Gregory Horsman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Caeseele, Paul Van" sort="Caeseele, Paul Van" uniqKey="Caeseele P" first="Paul Van" last="Caeseele">Paul Van Caeseele</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Babiuk, Lorne" sort="Babiuk, Lorne" uniqKey="Babiuk L" first="Lorne" last="Babiuk">Lorne Babiuk</name>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Edmonton</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard" sort="Webby, Richard" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard" last="Webby">Richard Webby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>St Jude Children's Research Hospital and WHO Collaborating Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>St Jude Children's Research Hospital and WHO Collaborating Center, Memphis, Tennessee</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Walter, Stephen D" sort="Walter, Stephen D" uniqKey="Walter S" first="Stephen D" last="Walter">Stephen D. Walter</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Calgary</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Calgary</settlement>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Loeb, Mark" sort="Loeb, Mark" uniqKey="Loeb M" first="Mark" last="Loeb">Mark Loeb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Michael G. De- Groote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Michael G. De- Groote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PloS one</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Canada (MeSH)</term>
<term>Child (MeSH)</term>
<term>Child, Preschool (MeSH)</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Follow-Up Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Incidence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Influenza Vaccines (MeSH)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Canada (MeSH)</term>
<term>Enfant (MeSH)</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (prévention et contrôle)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Incidence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Vaccins antigrippaux (MeSH)</term>
<term>Épidémies de maladies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Études de suivi (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza Vaccines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prévention et contrôle" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Canada</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Follow-Up Studies</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Incidence</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Canada</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Incidence</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
<term>Vaccins antigrippaux</term>
<term>Épidémies de maladies</term>
<term>Études de suivi</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>An earlier cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Hutterite colonies had shown that if more than 80% of children and adolescents were immunized with influenza vaccine there was a statistically significant reduction in laboratory-confirmed influenza among all unimmunized community members. We assessed the impact of this intervention for two additional influenza seasonal periods.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>Follow-up data for two influenza seasonal periods of a cluster randomized trial involving 1053 Canadian children and adolescents aged 36 months to 15 years in Season 2 and 1014 in Season 3 who received the study vaccine, and 2805 community members in Season 2 and 2840 in Season 3 who did not receive the study vaccine. Follow-up for Season 2 began November 18, 2009 and ended April 25, 2010 while Season 3 extended from December 6, 2010 and ended May 27, 2011. Children were randomly assigned in a blinded manner according to community membership to receive either inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine or hepatitis A. The primary outcome was confirmed influenza A and B infection using RT-PCR assay. Due to the outbreak of 2009 H1N1 pandemic, data in Season 2 were excluded for analysis.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>For an analysis of the combined Season 1 and Season 3 data, among non-recipients (i.e., participants who did not receive study vaccines), 66 of the 2794 (2.4%) participants in the influenza vaccine colonies and 121 of the 2301 (5.3%) participants in the hepatitis A colonies had influenza confirmed by RT-PCR, for a protective effectiveness of 60% (95% CI, 6% to 83%; P = 0.04); among all study participants (i.e., including both those who received study vaccine and those who did not), 125 of the 3806 (3.3%) in the influenza vaccine colonies and 239 of the 3243 (7.4%) in the hepatitis A colonies had influenza confirmed by RT-PCR, for a protective effectiveness of 63% (95% CI, 5% to 85%; P = 0.04).</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>Immunizing children and adolescents with inactivated influenza vaccine can offer a protective effect among unimmunized community members for influenza A and B together when considered over multiple years of seasonal influenza.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>TRIAL REGISTRATION</b>
</p>
<p>Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00877396.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27977707</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume>
<Issue>12</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2016</Year>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>PloS one</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Effect of Influenza Vaccination of Children on Infection Rate in Hutterite Communities: Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Trial.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0167281</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0167281</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">An earlier cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Hutterite colonies had shown that if more than 80% of children and adolescents were immunized with influenza vaccine there was a statistically significant reduction in laboratory-confirmed influenza among all unimmunized community members. We assessed the impact of this intervention for two additional influenza seasonal periods.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Follow-up data for two influenza seasonal periods of a cluster randomized trial involving 1053 Canadian children and adolescents aged 36 months to 15 years in Season 2 and 1014 in Season 3 who received the study vaccine, and 2805 community members in Season 2 and 2840 in Season 3 who did not receive the study vaccine. Follow-up for Season 2 began November 18, 2009 and ended April 25, 2010 while Season 3 extended from December 6, 2010 and ended May 27, 2011. Children were randomly assigned in a blinded manner according to community membership to receive either inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine or hepatitis A. The primary outcome was confirmed influenza A and B infection using RT-PCR assay. Due to the outbreak of 2009 H1N1 pandemic, data in Season 2 were excluded for analysis.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">For an analysis of the combined Season 1 and Season 3 data, among non-recipients (i.e., participants who did not receive study vaccines), 66 of the 2794 (2.4%) participants in the influenza vaccine colonies and 121 of the 2301 (5.3%) participants in the hepatitis A colonies had influenza confirmed by RT-PCR, for a protective effectiveness of 60% (95% CI, 6% to 83%; P = 0.04); among all study participants (i.e., including both those who received study vaccine and those who did not), 125 of the 3806 (3.3%) in the influenza vaccine colonies and 239 of the 3243 (7.4%) in the hepatitis A colonies had influenza confirmed by RT-PCR, for a protective effectiveness of 63% (95% CI, 5% to 85%; P = 0.04).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Immunizing children and adolescents with inactivated influenza vaccine can offer a protective effect among unimmunized community members for influenza A and B together when considered over multiple years of seasonal influenza.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="TRIAL REGISTRATION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00877396.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName>
<ForeName>Biao</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Russell</LastName>
<ForeName>Margaret L</ForeName>
<Initials>ML</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moss</LastName>
<ForeName>Lorraine</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fonseca</LastName>
<ForeName>Kevin</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Earn</LastName>
<ForeName>David J D</ForeName>
<Initials>DJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Michael G. De- Groote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aoki</LastName>
<ForeName>Fred</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Horsman</LastName>
<ForeName>Gregory</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caeseele</LastName>
<ForeName>Paul Van</ForeName>
<Initials>PV</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chokani</LastName>
<ForeName>Khami</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saskatchewan Health, Prince Albert Parkland Health Region, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vooght</LastName>
<ForeName>Mark</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saskatchewan Health, Five Hills Health Region, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Babiuk</LastName>
<ForeName>Lorne</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Webby</LastName>
<ForeName>Richard</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St Jude Children's Research Hospital and WHO Collaborating Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Walter</LastName>
<ForeName>Stephen D</ForeName>
<Initials>SD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loeb</LastName>
<ForeName>Mark</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Michael G. De- Groote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>ClinicalTrials.gov</DataBankName>
<AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>NCT00877396</AccessionNumber>
</AccessionNumberList>
</DataBank>
</DataBankList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007252">Influenza Vaccines</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002170" MajorTopicYN="N">Canada</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, Preschool</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004196" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Outbreaks</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015994" MajorTopicYN="N">Incidence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007252" MajorTopicYN="Y">Influenza Vaccines</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<CoiStatement>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</CoiStatement>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>04</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>7</Month>
<Day>1</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus>
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<ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-16-27656</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5157992</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Alberta</li>
<li>Manitoba</li>
<li>Ontario</li>
<li>Tennessee</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Calgary</li>
<li>Edmonton</li>
<li>Hamilton (Ontario)</li>
<li>Winnipeg</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université McMaster</li>
<li>Université de Calgary</li>
<li>Université du Manitoba</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Canada"><region name="Ontario"><name sortKey="Wang, Biao" sort="Wang, Biao" uniqKey="Wang B" first="Biao" last="Wang">Biao Wang</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Aoki, Fred" sort="Aoki, Fred" uniqKey="Aoki F" first="Fred" last="Aoki">Fred Aoki</name>
<name sortKey="Babiuk, Lorne" sort="Babiuk, Lorne" uniqKey="Babiuk L" first="Lorne" last="Babiuk">Lorne Babiuk</name>
<name sortKey="Caeseele, Paul Van" sort="Caeseele, Paul Van" uniqKey="Caeseele P" first="Paul Van" last="Caeseele">Paul Van Caeseele</name>
<name sortKey="Chokani, Khami" sort="Chokani, Khami" uniqKey="Chokani K" first="Khami" last="Chokani">Khami Chokani</name>
<name sortKey="Earn, David J D" sort="Earn, David J D" uniqKey="Earn D" first="David J D" last="Earn">David J D. Earn</name>
<name sortKey="Earn, David J D" sort="Earn, David J D" uniqKey="Earn D" first="David J D" last="Earn">David J D. Earn</name>
<name sortKey="Earn, David J D" sort="Earn, David J D" uniqKey="Earn D" first="David J D" last="Earn">David J D. Earn</name>
<name sortKey="Fonseca, Kevin" sort="Fonseca, Kevin" uniqKey="Fonseca K" first="Kevin" last="Fonseca">Kevin Fonseca</name>
<name sortKey="Horsman, Gregory" sort="Horsman, Gregory" uniqKey="Horsman G" first="Gregory" last="Horsman">Gregory Horsman</name>
<name sortKey="Loeb, Mark" sort="Loeb, Mark" uniqKey="Loeb M" first="Mark" last="Loeb">Mark Loeb</name>
<name sortKey="Loeb, Mark" sort="Loeb, Mark" uniqKey="Loeb M" first="Mark" last="Loeb">Mark Loeb</name>
<name sortKey="Loeb, Mark" sort="Loeb, Mark" uniqKey="Loeb M" first="Mark" last="Loeb">Mark Loeb</name>
<name sortKey="Loeb, Mark" sort="Loeb, Mark" uniqKey="Loeb M" first="Mark" last="Loeb">Mark Loeb</name>
<name sortKey="Moss, Lorraine" sort="Moss, Lorraine" uniqKey="Moss L" first="Lorraine" last="Moss">Lorraine Moss</name>
<name sortKey="Russell, Margaret L" sort="Russell, Margaret L" uniqKey="Russell M" first="Margaret L" last="Russell">Margaret L. Russell</name>
<name sortKey="Vooght, Mark" sort="Vooght, Mark" uniqKey="Vooght M" first="Mark" last="Vooght">Mark Vooght</name>
<name sortKey="Walter, Stephen D" sort="Walter, Stephen D" uniqKey="Walter S" first="Stephen D" last="Walter">Stephen D. Walter</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Tennessee"><name sortKey="Webby, Richard" sort="Webby, Richard" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard" last="Webby">Richard Webby</name>
</region>
</country>
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